They use robotic systems to achieve faster, more accurate operations; Also, to learn and practice with artificial patients
The robots are not a rarity in the operating theaters of the world, nor are fish out of water in some health centers in our country. In fact, in three institutions in Argentina certain surgeries are performed with the mechanical assistance of Da Vinci, the name by which it is known to a "surgeon robot", perhaps the most famous among his people, which began operating in the dawn of this century and currently exceeds 3000 units worldwide. Of that amount, nearly 70 percent are in health centers in the United States, their country of origin.
The Abate Hospital in Malvinas Argentinas in Buenos Aires province, and Acute Teaching Hospital Doctor Ramon Madariaga Missions, are the owners of this system .In the Madariaga, the first gynecological operations with da Vinci were made two years ago, after training medical staff in US hospitals. Meanwhile, e l Hospital Italiano has two units , one acquired in 2014, the SI HD model, which expands the scope of that which had been purchased nearly seven years ago.
The price of these teams varies between 2 and 2.5 million. Marcela Riccillo, specializing in robotics and artificial intelligence researcher at the Italian Hospital, warns that the appropriateness of this investment must be matched to the type of surgery being performed at each institution. But there is no doubt: this type of equipment entail advantages for both doctors and patients.
Faster and more accurate
The benefits of the system are considerable. Oscar Damia, head of the Department of Urology and Director of Robotic Surgery Hospital Italiano, notes that "the accuracy of the equipment provides a sense of security and efficiency to the surgeon who is on the console", while offering greater stability to avoid tremors own Human hand and also allowing to reach inaccessible areas. Naturally, revenues are also for the patient: the method is very aggressive, there is less blood loss during operation and less chance of infection, and postoperative is greatly reduced compared to traditional surgery with a hospital stay of two days average.
In the same vein, Maria Belen Fraga Cepa, biomedical engineer at the Favaloro University and director of Clinical Applications Delec Scientific Argentina SA, the company that provides the Da Vinci in the country, had indicated the NATION that the behavior of the system, operates with minimal incisions, enables "the patient does not suffer superficial injuries and recover faster."
Dual command
He explains Riccillo (which also is jury in competitions where robots fighting or playing careers) in Da Vinci "the surgeon operates from a console with two joysticks and pedals where you see the operating field in three dimensions and depth, extended to ten times . About four arms patient are moved by the surgeon, one of which carries a double chamber (for the 3D effect), while the remaining three cartridges carry small instruments to medical maneuvers, as suturing, cauterizing, etc. ".
This "machining doctor" is used in gynecological, kidney, pediatric interventions, head and neck (one of the latest techniques in robotic surgery), transoral (which is done through the throat and takes place in a few countries Our country included) and, among others, in surgery for localized prostate cancer, the most common in Italian with this system.
According Damia, the fact of being operated by a robot does not generate great fear in patients. "I have not met one who refuses this surgery, although it must be explained that like any procedure can have complications, so the fantasy that this is the panacea does not have: it is a facility operated by experienced surgeons especially in Robotic surgery, though of course we are human ".
In this note we explain in greater detail how such a robot works.
The mechanical patient and other promises
In the health sector robots are also used for training purposes, offering a high level of realism in training students and graduates from medical and nursing careers. Here, the Association of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Resuscitation of Buenos Aires has a Human Patient Simulator (HPS).
This is a robot that emulates the appearance of human beings in real scale, flavored by software that lets you play human reactions to therapeutic interventions order. "What differentiates HPS any other simulator available in the market is its high level of automation and advanced features such as recognition of drugs and their response to them, exchange of respiratory gases, anesthesia delivery and patient monitoring with clinical monitors actual physiological "explained from AAARBA. This robotic rival shows signs such as heartbeat and pulse, and mimics the movements of the chest and abdomen breathing, among other possibilities for fruitful training spirits.
Adela Maria Aguirre, director of the Center for Simulation of the Institute of the Italian Hospital, explains that this type of simulators reproduce realistic scenarios of the practice putting "the student facing critical situations and rare in a controlled environment, allowing you feel confident and capable when you have the opportunity to face these situations in the clinical setting. " At the institute they used a robotic model called SimMan 3G, which also reacts to drugs and even supplied transpires.
According to Aguirre, the crux of this development lies in the expertise of educators to "create controlled stress situations that favor learning, communication with the patient and the health team, and crisis resolution, and ultimately improve the health of both the physician and the patient. " For the latter, the specialist warns, "the benefit lies in the security of being in front of an expert trained in their area, and not a health care professional that this 'practice'".
3D printing, the other Border
Naturally, there are more cases in the intersection between technology and health. A recent case occurred at the University Hospital of Salamanca in Spain, which was the scene for an unprecedented intervention in the history of medicine there, a man of 54 years received a transplant ribs generated by a 3D printer .
The German University of Freiburg also investigating the possibility of printing bones, in this case with own blood vessels, which represents a significant advance in the area.Even printing devices could generate organs .
"3D printers with living cells just beginning to be marketed in the world. Still could not print a workable whole organ transplant, but it is estimated that in the future could be achieved. There are companies that sell small pieces of liver in 3D print drug experimentation. The idea, very forward-looking, would be to build bodies (body on a chip) for experimental (rather than living beings) and print achieve such an arm implant, "says Riccillo.
While advancing in the search for stretching the scope and special accessibility of technology when put to cure other delightful promises shine on the horizon. For example, exoskeletons, mechanical armor that give humans an unprecedented resistance to running and lifting weights without feeling tired, or help people with mobility problems . At the time, the models sold in the world have a value inaccessible to most. As early computers.
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